REGISTRATION FORM ================================================================= * You can print this order form by typing from the DOS prompt "copy register.txt prn" or "print register.txt". (NOTE: DO NOT TYPE THE QUOTATION MARKS). Make sure your printer is on before you issue any DOS commands. This "BOOK" is a part of a series of electronic books entitled QUICKSTART. This is NOT public domain or free software, but is being distributed as "shareware". The author is more interested in helping to educate the computer user than in making a great deal of money. The QUICKSTART series is copyrighted (C) 1992-1995 by Mark N. Greening. * When you register you will receive the newest version of of the file that you request, personalized to you and it will be printable. There will also be a free gift(s) included on the disk. * As a registered user you will be eligible for free upgrades for a period of two (2) years. Please register using the form below. Individual registrations for any of the QUICKSTART electronic books costs $5.00 for a 5 1/4" diskette and $6.00 for a 3 1/2" diskette. Please include $3.00 for postage and handling. To register any of the QUICKSTART electronic books, please fill out this form and send it with a check or money order to COMPUTER SERVICES P. O. BOX 835277 Douglasville, GA 30135-5220 NAME: __________________________________________ ADDRESS: ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ Please send me: # COPIES PROGRAM NAME (see below for TOTAL list of names ________ _____________________________ _________ ________ _____________________________ _________ ________ _____________________________ _________ ________ _____________________________ _________ SHIPPING & HANDLING $3.00 SALES TAX (Georgia residents add county sales tax.) _________ TOTAL _________ Disk Size: | | 5 1/4'' | | 3 1/2'' Where did you get this program?__________________________ _________________________________________________________ Comments/Suggestions ________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ OTHER ELECTRONIC BOOKS FOR QUICKSTART: CLCTBOOK A collection of DOS and WINDOWS information that is difficult to find or you will never find anywhere else. DOSBOOK A handy and easy to understand DOS training manual. Does a terrific job in batch file programming. EXLBOOK Covers all of the basics in using the excel and provides tips that are not presented in the original users manual. WORDBOOK Microsoft Word for Windows. Learn all of the basics of one of the most popular and powerful word processors in use today. WINBOOK A handy trainer and reference manual for all of the basics in Windows. Includes some special tips from the pros. 123BOOK The parent of spread sheets. Covers everything you need to know about the DOS version of one of the greatest software packages ever sold. WP51BOOK A great trainer and reference manual for all of the users that are still using the mainstay of Wordperfect for DOS. PCBUY A great collection of notes and information that you need to know when shopping for a PC. ---------- QUICKSTART FOR USE WITH WINDOWS INTRODUCTION Welcome to "QUICKSTART" for Windows. You have selected the most popular operating format in use in the world today. Most new software that is being written today is for use with the Windows operating environment. The purpose of this manual is to get you off to a "QUICKSTART" in your new operating system. This manual will help you build the basic skills that you need to become proficient at the use of this software. It will also serve as an excellent reference guide. An emphasis is placed on the art of file and directory management. If you intend to use your software extensively, good file and directory management is absolutely essential. Some parts of the down menus may appear different. This presentation is made with everyone in mind and does try to suit all applications and uses. If you have any suggestions, questions or special requests, please feel free to submit them to: COMPUTER SERVICES of DOUGLAS P.O. BOX 835277 DOUGLASVILLE, GA. 30135 TABLE OF CONTENTS TOPIC PAGE NUMBER Table of Contents What is Window's Anyway? Window's Installation Starting Window's Mouse Skills What the Parts of a Window Are Resizing a Window Moving a Window Program Manager Program Items Investigating Program Groups & Items Main Group Accessories Group Directories & files Working With File Manager Disk Tree View Options Window Multi-tasking Quick Tour Sample Document Setting Up Non-Windows Applications Program Manager Repetitive Task List 24 File Manager Repetitive Task List Collection of Hints, Tips, Shortcuts 26 Using Help In Windows WHAT IS WINDOWS ANYWAY ? WINDOWS is not an operating system like DOS, but needs to have DOS to operate. Windows is a GUI (Graphical User Interface). The purpose of it is to make operating a computer easier for the average user. WINDOWS - INSTALLATION Place the Install diskette in the appropriate drive and type SETUP. If problems are experienced, try SETUP /I, this advises the software to ignore hardware and hardware settings. You can then continue with a CUSTOM installation. The software will analyze your system. When it asks if you want to install WINDOWS now, press enter. Press ENTER to accept the path of C:\WINDOWS, unless you wish to give the directory another name. Press enter when it asks you if the list of hardware, settings matches your computer (if everything is okay). The software then begins to copy files to your hard disk. Periodically, you will be prompted to change diskettes and press enter when ready. Windows will start and you should see the mouse pointer appear. You will be asked to type in your name (and Company name if appropriate). There will be four or so questions, press enter each time. You will be asked if you want Windows to modify you AUTOEXEC.BAT and CONFIG.SYS files. Answer OK and continue. You will then be asked to select a printer. Scroll down through the options. When you see the printer that you need to install, click on install. You will then be prompted to insert Disk #7 so the software can install the appropriate printer driver. When complete, press continue. You will be asked if you want to search for set up applications. This can be done easily at a later time. Re-boot the computer to re-start. INSTALLATION IS COMPLETE ! STARTING WINDOWS To start Windows, type WIN at the DOS prompt (this is assuming that the Windows directory is in the path in the AUTOEXEC.BAT file). Otherwise, type CD\WINDOWS (press Enter) and then type WIN and press enter again. You will note that there will be a startup screen announcing WINDOWS version 3.1. To bypass this initial screen, type WIN followed by a space and then type a ":" colon and then press enter. MOUSE SKILLS The single click - placing the mouse pointer on an icon picture) and clicking once with the left button. The double click - place the mouse pointer on an icon and double click twice (rapidly) with the left button. Practice with drag & drop using Solitaire (Start with a double click or single click & enter.) Place the pointer (arrow) on the Solitaire Icon and double click or once and press enter. Using the Windows Mouse Tutorial - Place pointer on Help & click left button, place pointer on Windows Tutorial & click, type M, press enter, select R or L...follow instructions. WHAT THE PARTS OF A WINDOW ARE All windows have the same basic elements. Most applications have more features and functions. Refer to the sample screen shown below. The control box. This is located in the upper left corner of all Windows' screens.A double click will exit the application/windows. A single click will reveal a drop down menu (Restore, Move, Size, Minimize, Maximize, Close/Switch To, Next.) Title bar - Located at the top of the window and contains the title of the application of the window. Menu Bar - contains the list of drop down menu selections. Minimize and Maximize buttons - located in the upper right corner. Restore button - When a window is maximized, a button with a double arrow will be present and will restore a window to its previous state. Scrolling arrows - located at the right or bottom of the screen. Use to scroll back and forth through the information in a window. Workspace. RESIZING A WINDOW From one of the edges. From one of the corners. When a double arrow appears, drag the border/corner to achieve the size window that you want. MOVING A WINDOW Place the mouse pointer in the title bar, hold down the mouse key and drag the window to its new location. PROGRAM MANAGER Windows always starts in the Program Manager. Above is a sample of what the Program Manager window might look like. Don't be concerned if you do not have some of the Program Groups that are shown above. ALWAYS REMEMBER THAT ANY ICON CAN BE ACCESSED BY DOUBLE CLICKING ON IT WITH THE LEFT MOUSE BUTTON. There are four drop down menus in the Program Manager, as well as the program groups. A brief discussion of the menu selections are: FILE SELECTION New - use to add new program groups or program items. Open - use to open/startup files. Move - move program items from one group to another. Copy - copy icons from one group to another. Delete - use to delete the highlighted icon. Properties - displays the path and file name that an icon represents. Run - use to start up applications. OPTIONS SELECTION Auto arrange - makes program icons automatically arrange. Minimize on use - minimize an icon upon use. Save settings on exit - Will save whatever settings that you have in all Windows programs when you exit Windows. WINDOW SELECTION Cascade - stacks the open windows on top on one another. Tile - arranges all open windows so each take up the same amount of desk top space. Arrange Icons - will arrange all icons in an orderly and symmetrically. Select Group - does the same as single clicking a group Icon. (Here it is shown as the numbers 1 thru 9). HELP SELECTION CONTENTS - Shows the contents of the HELP index. SEARCH FOR HELP ON - Search for a specific topic. HOW TO USE HELP - Describes how to use the HELP index system. WINDOWS TUTORIAL - Gives on screen instructions on the use of a mouse and how to navigate through Windows. ABOUT PROGRAM MANAGER - Credit screen. PROGRAM GROUPS A program group (all groups are permanently located in the Program Manager), contains other programs, as a directory can contain subdirectories. The Groups that Windows installs are the Main, Accessories, Games and Startup. There are other program groups shown in the above example. The program groups above are arranged along the bottom of the Window. PROGRAMS ITEMS These are the programs that are part of the Program Groups. There can also be further Program Items as part of a Program Item within a group. INVESTIGATING PROGRAM GROUPS & ITEMS Opening the MAIN GROUP Icon will reveal the following: PROGRAM GROUPS & ITEMS (CONT'D) File Manager - where all file/disk maintenance can be accomplished. There are many "File Manager" enhancement programs that are available that make File Manager quite easy to work with. Control Panel - contains other program items: This group will customize Windows. Below is a display what the Control Panel window looks like. Again, do not be concerned if some of the Icons do not appear on your system. This system has had a number of enhancements performed on it that has produce some of these icons. Color - set color schemes on the Windows elements. Fonts - set the font for Windows in general. Ports - set the COM port for the mouse. Mouse - set track speed, click speed, swap L/H vs R/H, and use mouse trails. Desktop - Set pattern, screen saver, wallpaper, cursor blink rate, etc. Keyboard - set the delay and repeat rate. Printers - set up a printer. International - country, language, keyboard layout. Date/Time - set Driver - install device drivers Sound - enabling sound systems Print Manager - control the printer. Clipboard - view whatever has been copied/cut to the clipboard for pasting into a document. MS-DOS Prompt - shell to DOS, type EXIT to return to Windows. Windows Setup - change system settings, set up applications, add/remove components. PIF Editor - edit/setup PIF's (Program Information Files). Read Me - contains various information about Windows Opening the ACCESSORIES GROUP ICON will reveal the following: Write - a word processor. Paint - be artistic. Terminal - talking to other computers. Notepad - just that, also edits and saves ASCII files. Recorder - record macros (recording keystrokes) Cardfile - like a standard rolodex card file. Calendar - just like the calendar on your desk, can do reminding. Calculator - scientific or standard Clock - analog or digital Object Packager - provides other methods to cut and paste to a window. Character Map - add foreign characters/symbols to your documents. Media Player - play sounds from sound cards or other sources. Sound Recorder - requires a sound card. Opening the GAMES GROUP icon will show the two games that comes with Windows. Solitaire Minesweeper Opening the STARTUP icon shows nothing. If you have an application or some icon located in this group, it will start up automatically each time that you start Windows. Before beginning with the File Manager, review Files & Directories. DIRECTORIES & FILES Information is organized into groups on disks. These groups are called files. The files are then generally grouped into directories. (as you have already seen in the DOS directory). Picture a file cabinet, with different drawers, with different file sections in each drawer, and with files in each file section. Valid directory names can have up to eight characters. For example: DIRECTOR can be a valid directory name. The directory name will appear as "DIRECTOR DIR" in the directory listing. File names will appear as "GORILLA BAS". There is a period between the parts of the name. Every file on a disk has a name. The first name can be up to eight characters long and an optional extension can be up to three characters long. e.g. GORILLA.BAS DOS needs more than a files name before the file can be accessed. DOS needs to know where the file lives. Files may be on diskette drives, hard disks, or even tapes. The devices that files can go to are called peripherals. Every peripheral has a name. The floppy drives can be A: B: and the hard disk can be C: Disk can be sectioned off into directories. To access a file, DOS needs to know the following three things: The name of the peripheral device that the file is on. The name of the directory in which the file resides. The name of the file. All of these things make up a files FULL NAME. This full name is called the FILESPEC. Remember the samples on the TEST disk. The FILESPEC for GORILLA.BAS is A:\TEST1\TEST2\GORILLA.BAS. The FILESPEC for a file has four parts: drive name, directory name, filename, and extension. The filename can have up to eight characters. The extension is optional and is used to identify sets of files. Extensions are a "." followed by one to three characters DIRECTORIES & FILES (CONT'D) e.g. C:\DOS\GORILLA.BAS This is a basic program on the hard drive. DOS is the directory that GORILLA.BAS resides in. TEST DISK TEST DRIVE FOR DIRECTORIES & FILES: Insert a test disk into drive A and type A:, press enter. Make a directory called TEST1 MD TEST1 Change to the directory TEST1 CD TEST1 Make a directory TEST2 MD TEST2 Change to the directory TEST2 CD \TEST1\TEST2 Copy the file GORILLA.BAS from the DOS directory on drive C: COPY C:\DOS\GORILLA.BAS Change back to the root directory of drive A: Type TREE and you will see a tree structure of the two directories. Type TREE/F and you will see the tree structure that will include the file that you copied from the DOS directory. The file spec of GORILLA.BAS is A:\TEST1\TEST2\GORILLA.BAS A:\ B:\ and C:\ are DIRECTORIES. Directories can have directories inside them (called subdirectories) as well as files. Since A:, B: AND C: are the names of drives, the \ stands for a special directory called the ROOT DIRECTORY. Another way you can look at the ROOT DIRECTORY is as a directory that is not contained in another directory. The subdirectories under A:\ B:\ and C:\ can have names exactly like files. That is their length can be from one to eight characters with a period followed by an optional one to three character extension. A SAMPLE DISK STRUCTURE MARK SAMPLES | \ DIR1 DIR2 / DIR3 DIR4 DIR5 A SAMPLE DISK STRUCTURE (CONT"D) In this example, there are eight directories on disk C:. C:\ is the ROOT DIRECTORY. In side C:\ there may be files or other directories. I did not list any files here, just the directories that are under C:\. You can list the directories under C:\ too! Just type: TREE C: and press ENTER. Spend some time with the "TEST DISK" in making directories, subdirectories, copying files into them and using the TREE & TREE/F commands. The following are true statements concerning directories and files: Directories are groups of files. Directories allow you to group related files together. Subdirectories can have any number of files or subdirectories in them. You can have as many subdirectories on a disk as there is physical room. Subdirectories can have character names with a 3 character extension. Directories grow and shrink as files and subdirectories are added and deleted. A directory can be empty just as a file cabinet can be empty. A SAMPLE DISK STRUCTURE (CONT"D) The CURRENT directory is where DOS will search for a file if you enter the name without specifying a directory path. When you start up DOS, the current directory is the root directory, unless you start with something else specified in the AUTOEXEC.BAT file. The CD (CHDIR) command will change the current directory. To specify a PATH to a file, you just separate the directory names with a \ (backslash). All paths to a file must start with the root directory or the current directory. WILDCARDS Instead of using the exact filename and extension, you can use a pattern that describes many files. A QUESTION MARK ? stands for any single character. B:??? means all files with at least a three letter character filename and no extension. An ASTERISK * represents any number of characters. *.BAS matches on all files on the default drives with the BAS extension. REVIEW THE FOLLOWING: A:????????.??? The eight ?'s in the filename position represent any string of eight characters or less. (any legal extension). So all files on the disk are listed. A:*.* The *.* means all files with any name or extension will be listed, in other words, all files on the disk. A:*.??? The * in the filename position means all files with any name of any length and the .??? means the same for any extension. Once again all files are displayed. You can use these shortcuts with a path specification too. For example, to reference all files in the SAMPLE directory on drive C:. The path to use would be.: C:\SAMPLE\*.* DIRECTORIES & FILES (CONT'D) Again, the shortcut path specification for all files in the TRYIT directory (which is a subdirectory of SAMPLE, would be: C:\SAMPLE\TRYIT\*.* Some actual use examples of this would be: COPY C:\SAMPLES\RICK\*.* A:/S (The /S will copy any further subdirectories that may exist). DEL *.* Will delete all files on the current drive and in the current subdirectory). WORKING WITH THE FILE MANAGER REVIEWING AND WORKING WITH THE FILE MANAGER The opening screen of the File Manager gives you a pictorial view of your disk structure. You can accomplish all of you disk maintenance from here. A review of all of the available commands follows: FILE Open - open a file (e.g. a document file) Move - move a file to a new location or drive. Select the file being moved, select this function on the drop down menu and then type in the new location or just drag the file to it's new location (directory or drive). You must hold down the ALT key while dragging the file to its new location. You will be asked to confirm the move. Copy - copy a file to a new location or drive. Select the file being copied, select this function on the drop down menu and then type in the new location or hold down the control key and drag the copy of the file to its new location. Delete - delete a file/directory. Select the file(s) and select the function on the drop down menu or just press the delete key. Windows will ask for verification. NOTE: MULTIPLE FILES CAN BE COPIED/MOVED/DELETED AT THE SAME TIME. HOLD DOWN THE ctrl KEY AS YOU SELECT ALL OF THE FILES. IF YOU WANT TO MOVE THEM, HOLD DOWN THE ALT KEY AS YOU DRAG. JUST DRAGGING ONE WILL COPY/MOVE ALL OF THEM. REVIEWING AND WORKING WITH THE FILE MANAGER - (CONT'D) Rename - give a file or directory a new name. Select the file or directory to be renamed and type in the new name when asked. Properties - will show the path for the selected file/directory Run - will run the selected application. Select an executable file, and then the run selection. The application will be loaded and run. Print - will print the selected document file (ASCII) Associate - will select a type so you can open Create Directory - make a new directory. Make a new directory or sub-directory. Just make the selection and then type in the name when prompted. The new directory will be placed whereever you havre the highlighted bar. Select - select files for an operation. Place the mouse arrow on file and click once to select one file or hold down the CTRL key and click each file to select all or choose SELECT FILES on the drop down menu type in names of files. Exit - exit the file manager DISK Copy Disk - will duplicate an entire disk. Make selection on the drop down menu, select the diskette size and then copy. Label Disk - give a disk a name. Just type in the disk name when prompted. Format Disk - prepare a new disk for operations. Select the drive and disk size from the drop down menus. Insert the disk when prompted. DISK (CONT'D) Make System Disk - copy system files to disk (make a disk bootable). This selection will add the DOS system files to the disk after the formatting is complete. Select Drive - does same as drive ICONS. TREE Expand a level - Expands one level of a collapsed directory. Expand Branch - Expands the collapsed directory, showing the sub-directories. Expand All - Expands all of the branches in the directory tree window. Collapse Branch - Collapses the levels of directories in the directory tree windows. Indicate Expandable Branches - Shows those directories that have subdirectories in them by putting a +/- on the icon. VIEW TREE AND DIRECTORY - Will display the directory tree on the left and the contents of the current directory on the right. TREE ONLY - Will display the disk tree only. DIRECTORY ONLY - Will display the directory listing only. SPLIT - Give you the ability to adjust the amount of split of each side of the screen. NAME, ALL FILE DETAILS, OR PARTIAL DETAILS Permits you to select the amount of detail that you want shown on the file listings on screen. SORT - There are a total of four (4) ways that you can sort the files as indicated at the right. e.g. to sort by size, will list the largest through the smallest in that order. BY FILE TYPE - Lets you list the type of files that you want shown on screen. You are also given a choice to show hidden files, such as IO.SYS or MSDOS.SYS in the root directory. OPTIONS Confirmation - controls the display of warning messages. Font - allows you to select the font being used to display the information in the File Manager. Status Bar - Displays a status bar at the bottom of the File Manager Window.(i.e. will list the number of files and the number of bytes that the directory/disk consists of.) Minimize on Use - This setting will shrink the file manager to an ICON whenever you run an application. Save Settings on Exit - Save all of the settings that are presently set up in File Manager for use the next time it is run. WINDOW New Window - will provide a new/additional window with the same information as the current window. Cascade - will cascade (stack) the windows. Tile - will layout out the windows with each taking the same amount of space. Arrange Icons - this selection will automatically arrange the icons on the desktop. REFRESH - To update the current/active window. Sometimes the changes that you make in a directory, etc. will not be automatically updated. This command will complete the update. HELP CONTENTS - Lists the contents of the HELP file. In viweing the selections, if you see the subject you need help on, just click on it and the help screen for that topic will come up. SEARCH FOR HELP ON - You can scan down through a lsit or type in the topic that you want help on and the search for that topic will automatically take place. HOW TO USE HELP - A text file describing how to use the HELP system. ABOUT FILE MANAGER - Displays the following screen. The information that this screen contains will depend on your system. MULTI-TASKING When you have more than one application/window open, you can switch back n' forth between applications with the key combination of CTRL-ESC which brings up the task list. The choices that you are given are: switch to - will switch to the application that is highlighted. Cascade - will cascade all of the open windows/applications. End Task - will close the window/application that is highlighted. Tile - will place all of the open windows in equal sized windows. Cancel - will just leave the task list without any action. Arrange Icons - self explanatory. QUICK TOUR The quick tour will consist of using some of the features that are available in all Windows applications. We will be using Cardfile, Paintbrush, and Write. We will learn how to create, name and save files to disk. We will learn how to copy and paste from an application. Paste to an application Print from an application QUICK TOUR - (CONT'D) STEP #1 Go to the accessories group, open the CARDFILE and maximize. Type in information for a series of cards (like ROLODEX cards). After each card, press F7 to save the card and bring up a blank card for you to type on. When done, select the FILE drop down menu and SAVE AS. Give your card file a name so you can find it again. When done typing in the name, click on OK. STEP #2 Go to the accessories group, open Paintbrush. Create a personalized letterhead that you would like to see at the top of a letter with your name and address. When done, FILE, SAVE AS (give it a name), then use the select option on paintbrush (it will place a dashed line box around your artwork). Then EDIT, COPY (the image will go to the clipboard). Exit the Paintbrush application. STEP #3 Go to accessories and open Write, select EDIT and PASTE. This will put the copy of your logo at the top of the document. Select FILE, SAVE AS (give the document a name so you can find it again). STEP#4 Go back to card file. Select FILE, OPEN and open the file that you saved in STEP #1. Select the address of the party that you want to send a letter to. Place the mouse pointer in the left column until the arrow appears as an I-beam), press down the left key on the mouse and drag down selecting the text that you want for the addressee (or just place the cursor in the left column where you want to start copying text, hold down the SHIFT key and press the down arrow to select all of the text that you want). Select EDIT, COPY and then close the cardfile. STEP #5 Open Write, FILE OPEN (open the file that you saved in STEP This is the document that has your logo at the top. Place the cursor in the document where you want the addressee to appear. Select EDIT, PASTE. You can then type in the body of the letter that is shown below. STEP #6 Stay in WRITE with your document on the screen. Select FILE, PRINT, then click on OK. Your document will then be sent to the printer for printing. SAMPLE DOCUMENT Dear Sirs, I am beginning to accept the fact that reading your magazine and other computer periodicals leads to electronic masochism. Every time I pick up a magazine or a catalog, uncontrolled salvation begins. First, there were 550MB hard drives, and now there are 1GB drives. Color laser printers are all the rage. Pentiums are rearing their power packed heads. When my computer crashes, I'll chastise myself unless I've saved all my files on a tape drive back up. Wait...I'm coming to my senses. All I really need is my word processor, my database, a bare minimum of RAM, and a dot matrix printer. All of this other garbage that everyone is trying to sell me is a lot of HOOEY!!! Yours Truly, SETTING UP A NON-WINDOWS APPLICATION RECOGNIZED) There are quite a few DOS applications that are recognized by Windows as applications that users will set up to run in the Windows environment. WordPerfect is an example. These applications have Icons that are provided for the Windows environment. Select Main Group Select Windows Setup Select Options Set Up Applications A) Ask you to set up the application. B) Type in the name and path of the executable file that starts the application. (This method is quicker but you really have to know what you are doing to get it right.) Search for applications. Select path to search on (just highlight it with the pointer). Search now. As the search for all Applications is conducted, it will stop from time to time with applications that it has found. If it is not one that you are looking for, select cancel. If it is one that you are looking for, select OK. At the end of the search, go through the list and highlight the list of the applications that you want to add and select add. They will then be set up automatically. Exit back to Program Manager to open the Group that your application has been added to and select your application. SETTING UP A NON-WINDOWS APPLICATION NOT RECOGNIZED) These applications do not have their own Icon and will have a generic Icon assigned to it. From the Program Manager, select: Highlight the group that you will be adding to. FILE PROGRAM ITEM click on OK Type in the name of the application in the description (e.g. Pyramid Solitaire). COMMAND LINE (type in the name of the executable file that starts the application). WORKING DIRECTORY (type in the name of the directory that the executable file resides in). Select OK. OR... The BROWSE method. Highlight the group that you will be adding to. FILE PROGRAM ITEM click on OK select BROWSE Select drive, directory and executable file that starts up the application. Select OK. The executable file will be added to the command line automatically. In both cases, a generic ICON will be added to the group that you had highlighted. PROGRAM MANAGER REPETITIVE TASK LIST TASK SHORTCUT Exit Windows ALT-F4 Maximize a Window ALT-SPACE,X Minimize a Window ALT-SPACE,N Move a Window ALT-SPACE,M Maximize a secondary (internal window) ALT-HYPHEN,X Minimize a secondary window ALT-HYPHEN, N MOVING AROUND APPLICATIONS TASK SHORTCUT Go to the next application ALT-ESC Go to the previous application ALT-SHIFT-ESC Toggle through running appli- cations ALT-TAB List running applications CTRL-ESC DEALING WITH WINDOWS TASK SHORTCUT Cascade open Windows SHIFT-F5 Tile open Windows SHIFT-F4 Close current window CTRL-F4 THE MENU BAR TASK SHORTCUT Activate the menu bar ALT or F10 Select a pull-down menu ALT-MENU LETTER FILE MANAGER REPETITIVE TASK LIST TASK SHORTCUT Exit ALT-F4 DISKS, DIRECTORIES, & FILES Show drive list Move a file Copy a file Rename a file ALT-F,N Open a file or directory ENTER Delete a file or directory DELETE Undelete a file (DOS 6.x only) ALT-F, U Show current file's properties attributes, size, date, etc.) ALT-ENTER Sort files by name ALT-V,S Display date, size & file attributes ALT-V,A Go to a specific file FIRST LETTER OF NAME Go to a specific directory FIRST LETTER OF NAME DEALING WITH WINDOWS Cascade windows SHIFT-F5 Tile windows vertically SHIFT-F4 Move among file, disk and directory windows TAB or F6 THE TREE Expand tree one level Expand branch Collapse branch Expand everything CTRL-* MISCELLANEOUS Refresh view COLLECTION OF HINTS, TIPS, SHORTCUTS, ETC. The following are a collection of hints, tips, shortcuts and some undocumented information that is related to Windows. I have pretty much tried to keep these in alphabetical order. COPY & MOVE IN ANY WINDOWS APPLICATION COPY - Hold down the CTRL key and drag the file or whatever to its new location. MOVE - Hold down the ALT key and drag the file or whatever to its new location. CRASHES - KEEPING TRACK OF WINDOWS CRASHES & TROUBLE SHOOTING To keep a log of your Enhanced mode Windows Startup, load Windows with the WIN/B command, which creates a text file BOOTLOG.TXT in your Windows directory. The log file will sometimes point out the name of the Windows component that needs to be replaced or updated. To temporarily disable certain Windows features and track down potential problems, try these start up switches: D:X excludes the entire upper memory block (UMB) area. D:V shuts down Windows ability to handle hard disk interrupts. D:F turns off the 32 bits access. WIN/S starts Windows in the Standard mode. If Windows will start with only one of these settings, your task is a lot easier. ENVIRONMENT WINDOWS AND THE DOS ENVIRONMENT- The DOS environment is a small region of memory reserved for storing operating variables, such a the current PATH, the PROMPT, and any other variables your system may be setting up. If you have a long path or a lot of variables, the default environment size is 128 bytes and may not be enough. In such cases, the CONFIG.SYS file must be modified in the SHELL statement line (see QUICKSTART FOR DOS), where the E:xxx should be modified to a larger environment. The xxx could be increased to 512 or 1024. This works fine at the DOS prompt, a similar problem can occur when running DOS applications from within WINDOWS. The SYSTEM.INI file in the Windows directory needs to be modified. Locate the [NonWindowsApp] section, and add the following statement "CommandEnvSize=1024" or whatever size that you want to increase it to. TIPS & TACTICS (CONT'D FONTS - TOO MANY? Windows loads very slowly when it carries the heavy baggage of too many fonts. You may need all those fonts when you use a desktop publishing program, but you want a speedier startup procedure for other applications. Make a copy of your WIN.INI file and name it WIN.INT. Using a text editor such as EDIT or SYSEDIT in Windows, search fort FOT. Insert a semicolon in front of each line that loads a truetype font, such as ONYX BT TRUETYPE)=TT0519M_.FOT, to disable the entire line. Leave Arial, Times Roman, Courier, and your favorite fonts intact. Resave WIN.INI, and the next time you start Windows, it will come up significantly faster. You may also notice an increase in the available Windows Memory (at Program Manager, select Help about). FONTS - WITHIN WINDOWS Squinting at the tiny fonts on the Windows Desktop can give you a headache. To enlarge the default icon titles, launch Notepad, open WIN.INI and add the following lines under the [Desktop] heading: IconTitleFaceName=Arial IconTitleSize=11 IconSpacing=86 Change the font name (e.g.Arial) and size (e.g. 11) to your liking. The larger the font, the more space necessary for each Icon, otherwise the title will overlap. To modify the File Manager display, select Options Font. Make a note of the default settings so you can return to them if you want. ICONS Windows and most Windows applications include an extensive list if icons. To get an idea of how many, go into Program Manager, select an application, and hit ALT-ENTER to bring up its properties. Click on Change Icon, Browse and open MORICONS.DLL. You will see lots of icons. Want more? Open PROGMAN.EXE or any windows EXE, ICO, or DLL to see what icons it holds. COLLECTION OF HINTS, TIPS, SHORTCUTS, ETC.(CONT'D) PRINT SCREEN IN WINDOWS' DOS SESSIONS Tired of pressing the Print Screen key while running DOS applications inside Windows and having nothing happen? If you run Windows in the 386 Enhanced mode, you can restore the Print Screen key to normal operation by opening the application's PIF file and checking the PrtSc box under "Reserve Shortcut Keys." When the PIF editor comes up, click on the Advanced button to display this section.) In DOS sessions started with this PIF file, Windows will pass the keystroke on to the DOS box rather than processing it itself, and the screen will print the way it used to. SAVE COPIES OF WINDOWS STARTUP FILES Save copies of the following files so you can return Windows to its original state, whenever you want to: WIN.INI SYSTEM.INI PROGMAN.INI Any file that ends in a .GRP file extension. Actually if you have a lot of applications installed that you want to keep, *.INI and *.GRP would work just fine. TOGGLE BETWEEN FULL SCREEN & WINDOWED VIEWS OF DOS APPS To toggle between full screen and windowed views of DOS applications from within Windows, press ALT-ENTER. TRIMMING WINDOWS' WEIGHT To remove unwanted Windows' components such as accessories, wall paper files, or games, launch Windows Setup (in the Main group if you haven't moved it) and select Options, Add/Remove Components. To remove an entire component, clear its check box and select OK, then YES to ALL. To remove parts of one, click its FILES button, select the files you want to remove, and select REMOVE-OK-OK-YES TO ALL. USING HELP IN WINDOWS There are quite a number of ways to find the information in help that you need. Use the search feature in HELP. Select HELP from the menu bar and then the HELP INDEX selection. You will then get a general listing of the main categories. When you pick one of these, it will lead you to a subsection that will take you to the alphabetical listings. You can then use the search command and type in the word of what you need help on and HELP will bring up the selection that you are looking for. You can get more specific help while you are working. Just make a selection from the menu bar and press the F1 key and the help selection for that topic will appear. Use the HELP index and the SEARCH function to locate topics. To get HELP on a DIALOG box, press F1 while the box is on the screen. The HELP screen for that dialog box will then appear. To jump to a cross reference, when the prompter on the help screen changes to a hand and you are pointing to the topics you need, click the left mouse button and HELP screen for that topic will appear. Keeping HELP close at hand. When you are done, click on the minimize button. Then at a later time when you need help, pressing F1 will bring up the HELP screen. To close the HELP system entirely, double click on the CONTROL MENU box